Sitting, Standing & Intermittent Walking

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Re: Sitting, Standing & Intermittent Walking

Postby JeffN » Fri Aug 05, 2022 9:21 am

Systematic Review
Open Access

The Acute Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting Time in Adults with Standing and Light-Intensity Walking on Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Health in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Sports Medicine volume 52, pages 1765–1787 (2022)Cite this article
Published: 11 February 2022

Abstract

Background
Increasing evidence highlights that accumulating sitting time in prolonged bouts is detrimental to cardiometabolic health.

Objectives
This systematic review aimed to compare the effects of fractionating prolonged sitting with frequent short bouts of standing and light-intensity walking on cardiometabolic health markers and conduct a meta-analysis for differences in systolic blood pressure (SBP), postprandial glucose and insulin.

Methods
Experimental randomised crossover trials with at least three intervention arms that assessed interrupting sitting with frequent short bouts of standing and light-intensity walking over a single day compared to a prolonged sitting condition were retrieved. These studies measured at minimum one marker of cardiometabolic health in adults > 18 years. An electronic search was completed on the 2nd of August 2021, searching PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library and APA PsycINFO. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Downs and Black checklist. A meta-analysis was conducted using calculated Cohen’s d quantifying the magnitude of difference between experimental conditions.

Results
Seven studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. All seven studies were included within the meta-analysis for postprandial glucose, four studies were pooled for postprandial insulin and three for SBP. Biomarkers of cardiometabolic health were discussed qualitatively if fewer than three studies measured and reported the variable. A meta-analysis of seven acute, 1-day randomised crossover trials that sampled mixed-sex adults (aged > 18 years) who were predominately overweight or participants with obesity found that standing as an interruption to prolonged sitting significantly reduced postprandial glucose (∆ = − 0.31, 95% CI − 0.60, − 0.03; z = − 2.15, p < 0.04) but had no significant effect on insulin or SBP. Light-intensity walking was shown to significantly attenuate postprandial glucose (∆ = − 0.72, 95% CI − 1.03, − 0.41; z = − 4.57, p < 0.001) and insulin (∆ = − 0.83, 95% CI − 1.18, − 0.48; z = − 4.66, p < 0.001) compared to continued sitting. When comparing light-intensity walking breaks compared to standing breaks a significant reduction in glucose (∆ = − 0.30, 95% CI − 0.52, − 0.08; z = -2.64, p < 0.009) and insulin (∆ = − 0.54, 95% CI − 0.75, − 0.33; z = -4.98, p < 0.001) was observed. Both standing and light-intensity walking showed no effect on SBP.[/i][/b]

Conclusions
Frequent short interruptions of standing significantly attenuated postprandial glucose compared to prolonged sitting; however, light-intensity walking was found to represent a superior physical activity break. The feasibility and longitudinal implications of breaking sedentary behaviour with light-intensity walking should be investigated in a free-living setting.



Just 2 Minutes of Walking After a Meal Is Surprisingly Good for You
A new paper suggests that it takes far less exercise than was previously thought to lower blood sugar after eating.
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/04/well ... sugar.html
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Re: Sitting, Standing & Intermittent Walking

Postby JeffN » Sun Dec 11, 2022 9:32 am

Open Access
Association of wearable device-measured vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity with mortality
Published: 08 December 2022
Nature Medicine (2022)

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-02100-x

Abstract
Wearable devices can capture unexplored movement patterns such as brief bursts of vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA) that is embedded into everyday life, rather than being done as leisure time exercise. Here, we examined the association of VILPA with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality in 25,241 nonexercisers (mean age 61.8 years, 14,178 women/11,063 men) in the UK Biobank. Over an average follow-up of 6.9 years, during which 852 deaths occurred, VILPA was inversely associated with all three of these outcomes in a near-linear fashion. Compared with participants who engaged in no VILPA, participants who engaged in VILPA at the sample median VILPA frequency of 3 length-standardized bouts per day (lasting 1 or 2 min each) showed a 38%–40% reduction in all-cause and cancer mortality risk and a 48%–49% reduction in CVD mortality risk. Moreover, the sample median VILPA duration of 4.4 min per day was associated with a 26%–30% reduction in all-cause and cancer mortality risk and a 32%–34% reduction in CVD mortality risk. We obtained similar results when repeating the above analyses for vigorous physical activity (VPA) in 62,344 UK Biobank participants who exercised (1,552 deaths, 35,290 women/27,054 men). These results indicate that small amounts of vigorous nonexercise physical activity are associated with substantially lower mortality. VILPA in nonexercisers appears to elicit similar effects to VPA in exercisers, suggesting that VILPA may be a suitable physical activity target, especially in people not able or willing to exercise.

In conclusion, we found that as few as two or three short bouts or approximately 3–4 min of VILPA per day were associated with substantially lower all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality risk. Although steeper mortality risk reductions occurred at the lower end of the VILPA distribution, there were continuing gains with larger amounts in a near-linear fashion. Individuals who find structured exercise unappealing or infeasible may consider exploring opportunities to introduce brief but regular bouts of VPA into their daily routines. VILPA in nonexercisers appears to elicit similarly beneficial associations with VPA in exercisers. Future guidelines could emphasize that potentially important health benefits could be accrued through VPA even among people who do not consider themselves to be formal ‘exercisers’. Future trials and device-based cohort studies should further investigate the potential of VILPA (and any-domain VPA in general) as a time-efficient and potentially effective intervention for physically inactive and unfit adults. Our approach shows that wearable devices combined with machine learning-based methods and self-reported information can reveal physical activity “micro-patterns” as targets to prevent premature mortality, CVD and cancer in populations not willing and/or not able to engage in structured exercise during leisure time.



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Re: Sitting, Standing & Intermittent Walking

Postby JeffN » Sun Mar 03, 2024 7:39 am

Acute Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting Time in Adults with Standing and Light-Intensity Walking on Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Health in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis - Systematic Review
Published: 11 February 2022
Volume 52, pages 1765–1787, (2022)


Conclusions
Frequent short interruptions of standing significantly attenuated postprandial glucose compared to prolonged sitting; however, light-intensity walking was found to represent a superior physical activity break. The feasibility and longitudinal implications of breaking sedentary behaviour with light-intensity walking should be investigated in a free-living setting.

Key Points
- This meta-analysis of seven acute studies found intermittent short breaks of standing led to a significant reduction in postprandial glucose compared to prolonged sitting.

- Light-intensity walking was found to be a superior intervention compared to standing and prolonged sitting.

- The effects of breaking prolonged sitting were more pronounced in overweight individuals compared to individuals with obesity, suggesting an additional metabolic compromise in individuals with obesity.
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